NSM Archive - Gallium Indium Arsenide GaInAs) - Band structure

GaInAs - Gallium Indium Arsenide

Band structure and carrier concentration

Basic Parameters
Band structure
Intrinsic carrier concentration
Lasing wavelength
Effective Density of States in the Conduction and Valence Band
Temperature Dependences
Dependences on Hydrostatic Pressure
Band Discontinuities at Heterointerfaces
Energy gap narrowing at high doping levels
Effective Masses and Density of States
Donors and Acceptors

Basic Parameters for GaxIn1-xAsyP1-y

Zinc Blende crystal structure

Ga0.47In0.53As GaxIn1-xAs Remarks Referens
Energy gaps, Eg
0.74 eV (0.36+0.63x+0.43x2) eV 300 K Goetz et al.(1983)
Energy gaps, Eg
  (0.4105+0.6337x+0.475x2) eV 2 K Goetz et al.(1983)
Electron affinity 4.5 eV (4.9-0.83x) eV 300 K  
Conduction band        
Energy separation between X valley and
top of the valence band EX
1.33 eV (1.37-0.63x+1.16x2) eV 300 K Goetz et al.(1983)
Energy separation between L valley and
top of the valence band EL
1.2 eV (1.08-0.02x+0.65x2) eV 300 K Goetz et al.(1983)
Effective conduction band density of states 2.1·1017 cm-3 see Temerature dependences    
Valence band        
Energy separation of spin-orbital splitting Eso *** ***    
Effective valence band density of states 7.7·1018 cm-3 see Temerature dependences    
Intrinsic carrier concentration 6.3·1011 cm-3 see Temerature dependences    

       

Band structure for GaxIn1-xAs

GaxIn1-xAs (zinc blende, cubic). Band structure
Important minima of the conduction band and maxima of the valence band..

For details see Goldberg Yu.A. & N.M. Schmidt (1999) .
GaxIn1-xAs. Energy gap Eg Energy separations between Γ- ,X-, and L -conduction band minima and top of the valence band vs. composition parameter x.

Porod and Ferry (1983)

Interfacial elastic strain induced by lattice parameter mismatch between epilayer and substrate results in significant band-gap shifts:
GaxIn1-xAs. Energy band gap Eg of unstrained (solid line) and strained (dashed line and experimental points) vs. composition parameter x.
Solid line is calculated according to Eg= (0.4105+0.6337x+0.475x2) eV.
Experimental points are obtained at 4K.
Kuo et al.(1985)
Brillouin zone of the face centered cubic lattice, the Bravais lattice of the diamond and zincblende structures.
Brillouin zone of the hexagonal lattice.



Temperature Dependences

           
Eg (x,T)= 0.42 + 0.625x -[5.8/(T+300)-4.19 /(T+271)]·10-4T2x-
                  - 4.19·10-4T2/(T+271) +0.475x2 (eV)
  (eV)    GaxIn1-xAs Paul et al.(1991)
Eg (x,T)= Eg (0) + (6x2- 8.6x +5.2)·10-4 T2/(337x2- 455x +196)
    GaxIn1-xAs on Ga As Karachevtseva et al.(1994)
  Eg (x,T)= 0.42 + 0.625x -[5.8/(T+300)-4.19 /(T+271)]·10-4T2x-
                  - 4.19·10-4T2/(T+271) +0.475x2 (eV)
  (eV)    GaxIn1-xAs  
where T is temperature in degrees K        
Ga0.47In0.53As. Energy gap Eg of vs. temperature
Points are experimental data.
Solid line is theoretical calculation.
Eg(0)=821.5 ± 0.2 meV.
Zielinski et al.(1986)
Ga0.87In0.13As. Energy gap Eg of vs. temperature
Points are experimental data.
Solid line -- 1.321 - 4.1·10-4 T2/(T+139)
Karachevtseva et al.(1994)


Lasing wavelength λ0

Intrinsic carrier concentration:

ni = (Nc·Nv)1/2exp(-Eg/(2kBT)) ~= 4.82 x 1015 · [(0.41-0.09x)3/2 +(0.027+0.047x)3/2]1/2 x
    x(0.025+0.043x)3/4[ T3/2 exp(-ν/2)(1+3.75/ν +3.28/ν2 -2.46/ν3)1/2 ] (cm-3) ,
where ν=E(x,T)/2kT
Paul et al.(1991).
GaxIn1-xAs. Intrinsic carrier concentration vs. temperature for GaxIn1-xAs.
T = 100K; 200K; 300K; 400K; 500K;
Paul et al.(1991)
ni = 6.3x1011 cm-3 for Ga0.47In0.53As at 300K

Effective density of states in the conduction band: Nc

Nc ~= 4.82 x 1015 · (mΓ/m0)3/2T3/2 (cm-3) ~= 4.82 x 1015 · (0.023+0.037x+0.003x2)3/2 T3/2 (cm-3) :

Effective density of states in the valence band: Nv

Nv ~= 4.82 x 1015 · (mh/m0)3/2 T3/2 (cm-3)= 4.82 x 1015 · (0.41-0.1x)3/2 T3/2 (cm-3) :



Dependence on Hydrostatic Pressure

       
Eg (0.47,P)~= (0.796+10.9x 10-3 ·P -30x10-6 ·P2) eV   80K, Ga0.47In0.53As  x=0.47   Lambkin and Dunstan (1988)
Eg (0.47,P)~= (0.733+11.0x 10-3 ·P -27x10-6 ·P2) eV   300K, Ga0.47In0.53As  x=0.47  
Eg (0.0, P)~= (Eg (0)+4.8x 10-3 ·P) eV   300K, InAs  x=0.  
Eg (1.0, P)~= (Eg (0)+12.6x 10-3 ·P -37.7x10-6 ·P2) eV   300K, GaAs  x=1.  
where P is pressure in kbar.

Energy gap narrowing at high doping levels

Ga0.47In0.53As. Energy gap narrowing Eg vs. donor (solid line) and acceptor (dashed line) doping density
solid line -- donor doping density;
dashed line -- acceptor doping density
Jain et al. (1990)
       
ΔEg ~= (A ·N1/3 10-9 +B ·N1/4 10-7 +C ·N1/2 10-12) meV   300K, Ga0.47In0.53As  x=0.47  
where      
      n : A=15.5;   B=1.95;   C=159   300K, Ga0.47In0.53As  x=0.47  
      p : A= 9.2;   B=3.57;   C=3.65   300K, Ga0.47In0.53As  x=0.47  
      N -- carrier concentration in cm-3      
 

Band Discontinuities at Heterointerfaces

Band discontinuities at GaxIn1-xAs/AlyGa1-yAs heterointerface Shur (1990).
      Referens
Conduction band discontinuity ΔEv =(ΔEg Ev) eV   Shur (1990)
Valence band discontinuity ΔEc = (0.44 ΔEgg) eV   Shur (1990)
      where ΔEgg (eV) = [1.247y + 1.5(1-x) - 0.4(1-x)2] (eV) is the difference
      between Γ-valleys in GaxIn1-xAs and AlyGA1-yAs .
     
       
Energy gap Eg discontinuity : ΔEg = ΔEgg for y<0.45  
Energy gap Eg discontinuity : ΔEg = 0.476 +0.125y + 0.143y2 +1.5(1-x) - 0.4(1-x)2 for y>0.45  
       
Band discontinuities ΔEv ~= 0.38 eV
ΔEc ~= 0.22 eV
at Ga0.47In0.53As/InP
heterointerface
Adachi (1992);
Hybertsen (1991)
Band discontinuities ΔEv ~= 0.2 eV
ΔEc ~= 0.52 eV
at Ga0.47In0.53As/Al0.48In0.52As
heterointerface
Adachi (1992);
Hybertsen (1991)
       
  ΔEcEg = [0.653 + 0.1(1-x)] eV at GaxIn1-xAs/AlxIn1-xAs
heterointerface
Wolak et al.(1991)
       

Effective Masses and Density of States:

Electrons

For wurtzite crystal structure the surfaces of equal energy in Γ valley should be ellipsoids, but effective masses in z direction and perpendicular directions are estimated to be approximately the same:
Effective Electron Masses   Remarks Referens
  Effective electron mass me= mΓ 0.023 -0.037x +0.003x2 mo GaxIn1-xAs; 300K; for Γ - valley
Goldberg Yu.A. & N.M. Schmidt (1999)
  Effective electron mass me mΓ= 0.041 mo at n= 2x·1017 cm-3
mΓ= 0.074 mo at n= 6x·1018 cm-3
Ga0.47In0.53As; x=0.47
Pearsall (1982)
  mL = 0.29 mo ; ( L - valley )
mX = 0.68 mo ; ( X - valley )
Ga0.47In0.53As; x=0.47
Pearsall (1982)
GaxIn1-xAs. Electron effective mass vs. concentration x for GaxIn1-xAs;
300K
Adachi (1992)

Holes

Effective Masses for Zinc Blende GaN   Remarks Referens
       
Effective hole masses (heavy) mh mh ~= (0.41 -0.1x) mo GaxIn1-xAs; 300K; Goldberg Yu.A. & N.M. Schmidt (1999)
Effective hole masses (light) mlp mlp ~= (0.026 -0.056x ) mo
GaxIn1-xAs; 300K;  
Effective hole masses (split-off band) ms mso ~= 0.15 mo GaxIn1-xAs; 300K;  

Donors and Acceptors

Ionization energies of Shallow Donors
  Remarks  
Sn, Ge, Si, C
~ 5 meV
Ga0.47In0.53As; x=0.47
Goldberg Yu.A. & N.M. Schmidt (1999)
Sn, Ge, Si, S, Se, Te
> 1 meV
InAs; x=0  
Sn, Ge, Si, S, Se, Te
~ 6 meV
GaAs; x=1  
Ionization energies of Shallow Acceptor
     
Mg
~ 25 meV
Ga0.47In0.53As; x=0.47
Goldberg Yu.A. & N.M. Schmidt (1999)
Zn
~ 20 meV
Ga0.47In0.53As; x=0.47
Cd
~ 30 meV
Ga0.47In0.53As; x=0.47
Mn
~ 50 meV
Ga0.47In0.53As; x=0.47
Fe
~ 150 meV
Ga0.47In0.53As; x=0.47
(above valence band), 280, 370, and 440 below conduction band
 
Mg
~ 25 meV
GaxIn1-xAs; 0<x<1  
Be
~ 25 meV
GaxIn1-xAs; 0<x<1  
Cd
~ 8-20 meV
GaxIn1-xAs; 0<x<1  
       
(above valence band), 280, 370, and 440 below conduction band
   
Sn-10; Ge-14; Si-20; Cd-15; Zn-10 meV
InAs; x=0  
C - 20, Si - three acceptor levels ~ 30, 100, and 220,
Ge - 30, Zn - 25, Sn - 20.
GaAs; x=1